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100个python的基本语法知识【上】

2024-07-29 12:00:05Python资料围观66

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0. 变量和赋值:
x = 5
name = “John”

1. 数据类型:
整数(int)
浮点数(float)
字符串(str)
布尔值(bool)

2. 注释:

# 这是单行注释
"""
这是
多行注释
"""

3. 算术运算:

a + b  # 加法
a - b  # 减法
a * b  # 乘法
a / b  # 除法
a % b  # 取余
a ** b # 幂运算

4. 比较运算:

a == b  # 等于
a != b  # 不等于
a > b   # 大于
a < b   # 小于
a >= b  # 大于等于
a <= b  # 小于等于

5. 逻辑运算:

a and b
a or b
not a

6. 条件语句:

if condition:
    # do something
elif another_condition:
    # do something else
else:
    # do something different

7. 循环:

for i in range(5):
    print(i)

while condition:
    # do something

8. 列表:

my_list = [1, 2, 3]
my_list.append(4)
my_list[0]  # 访问元素

9. 元组:

my_tuple = (1, 2, 3)

10. 字典:

my_dict = {"name": "John", "age": 30}
my_dict["name"]  # 访问键值

11. 集合:

my_set = {1, 2, 3}
my_set.add(4)

12. 字符串操作:

s = "hello"
s.upper()
s.lower()
s.split(" ")
s.replace("h", "j")

13. 字符串格式化:

name = "John"
age = 30
f"Hello, {name}. You are {age}."

14. 列表解析:

squares = [x**2 for x in range(10)]

15. 函数定义:

def my_function(param1, param2):
    return param1 + param2

16. 默认参数:

def my_function(param1, param2=5):
    return param1 + param2

17. 关键字参数:

def my_function(param1, param2):
    return param1 + param2
my_function(param2=10, param1=5)

18. 可变参数:

def my_function(*args):
    for arg in args:
        print(arg)

my_function(1, 2, 3)

19. 关键字可变参数:

def my_function(**kwargs):
    for key, value in kwargs.items():
        print(f"{key}: {value}")

my_function(name="John", age=30)

20. lambda表达式:

f = lambda x: x**2
f(5)

21. map函数:

list(map(lambda x: x**2, range(10)))

22. filter函数:

list(filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, range(10)))

23. reduce函数:

from functools import reduce
reduce(lambda x, y: x + y, range(10))

24. 异常处理:

try:
    # do something
except Exception as e:
    print(e)
finally:
    # cleanup

25. 文件读取:

with open("file.txt", "r") as file:
    content = file.read()

26. 文件写入:

with open("file.txt", "w") as file:
    file.write("Hello, World!")

27. 类定义:

class MyClass:
    def __init__(self, param1):
        self.param1 = param1

    def my_method(self):
        return self.param1

28. 类继承:

class MyBaseClass:
    def __init__(self, param1):
        self.param1 = param1

class MyDerivedClass(MyBaseClass):
    def __init__(self, param1, param2):
        super().__init__(param1)
        self.param2 = param2

29. 魔法方法:

class MyClass:
    def __init__(self, param1):
        self.param1 = param1

    def __str__(self):
        return f"MyClass with param1={self.param1}"

30. 属性和装饰器:

class MyClass:
    def __init__(self, value):
        self._value = value

    @property
    def value(self):
        return self._value

    @value.setter
    def value(self, new_value):
        self._value = new_value

31. 生成器:

def my_generator():
    yield 1
    yield 2
    yield 3

for value in my_generator():
    print(value)

32. 列表解析和生成器表达式:

[x**2 for x in range(10)]
(x**2 for x in range(10))

33. 集合解析:

{x**2 for x in range(10)}

34. 字典解析:

{x: x**2 for x in range(10)}

35. 上下文管理器:

with open("file.txt", "r") as file:
    content = file.read()

36. 装饰器:

def my_decorator(func):
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        print("Before function call")
        result = func(*args, **kwargs)
        print("After function call")
        return result
    return wrapper

@my_decorator
def my_function():
    print("Function call")

my_function()

37. 类型注解:

def my_function(param1: int, param2: str) -> str:
    return param2 * param1

38. 枚举:

from enum import Enum

class Color(Enum):
    RED = 1
    GREEN = 2
    BLUE = 3

39. 迭代器:

class MyIterator:
    def __init__(self, start, end):
        self.current = start
        self.end = end

    def __iter__(self):
        return self

    def __next__(self):
        if self.current >= self.end:
            raise StopIteration
        else:
            self.current += 1
            return self.current - 1

40. JSON解析:

import json

json_str = '{"name": "John", "age": 30}'
data = json.loads(json_str)

41. 日期和时间:

from datetime import datetime
now = datetime.now()

42. 随机数生成:

import random

random_number = random.randint(1, 10)

43. 数学运算:

import math

math.sqrt(16)

44. 模块和包:

# my_module.py
def my_function():
    return "Hello"

# main.py
import my_module
my_module.my_function()

45. 命名空间:

global_var = 5

def my_function():
    local_var = 10
    global global_var
    global_var = 20

46. 继承和多态:

class Animal:
    def speak(self):
        pass

class Dog(Animal):
    def speak(self):
        return "Woof"

class Cat(Animal):
    def speak(self):
        return "Meow"

47. 操作系统交互:

import os

os.getcwd()
os.listdir(".")

48. 命令行参数:

import sys

for arg in sys.argv:
    print(arg)

49. 正则表达式:

import re

pattern = r"\d+"
re.findall(pattern, "There are 2 apples and 5 bananas.")

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