如何在Debian操作系统上安装Doker

这篇文章介绍了如何在Debian操作系统上安装Doker，分享给大家做个参考，收藏Python资料网收获更多编程知识

本章教程，主要介绍如何在Debian 11 系统上安装Docker。主要使用一键安装Docker脚本和一键卸载脚本来完成。

一、安装Docker

#!/bin/bash

RED='\033[0;31m'
GREEN='\033[0;32m'
YELLOW='\033[0;33m'
BLUE='\033[0;34m'
NC='\033[0m'

CURRENT_DIR=$(
    cd "$(dirname "$0")" || exit
    pwd
)

function log() {
    message="[1Panel Log]: $1 "
    case "$1" in
        *"失败"*|*"错误"*|*"请使用 root 或 sudo 权限运行此脚本"*)
            echo -e "${RED}${message}${NC}" 2>&1 | tee -a "${CURRENT_DIR}"/install.log
            ;;
        *"成功"*)
            echo -e "${GREEN}${message}${NC}" 2>&1 | tee -a "${CURRENT_DIR}"/install.log
            ;;
        *"忽略"*|*"跳过"*)
            echo -e "${YELLOW}${message}${NC}" 2>&1 | tee -a "${CURRENT_DIR}"/install.log
            ;;
        *)
            echo -e "${BLUE}${message}${NC}" 2>&1 | tee -a "${CURRENT_DIR}"/install.log
            ;;
    esac
}
log "======================= 开始安装Docker ======================="

function Check_Root() {
    if [[ $EUID -ne 0 ]]; then
        log "请使用 root 或 sudo 权限运行此脚本"
        exit 1
    fi
}

ACCELERATOR_URL="https://docker.1panelproxy.com"
DAEMON_JSON="/etc/docker/daemon.json"
BACKUP_FILE="/etc/docker/daemon.json.1panel_bak"

function create_daemon_json() {
    log "创建新的配置文件 ${DAEMON_JSON}..."
    mkdir -p /etc/docker
    echo '{
        "registry-mirrors": ["'"$ACCELERATOR_URL"'"]
    }' | tee "$DAEMON_JSON" > /dev/null
    log "镜像加速配置已添加。"
}

function configure_accelerator() {
    read -p "是否配置镜像加速？(y/n): " configure_accelerator
    if [[ "$configure_accelerator" == "y" ]]; then
        if [ -f "$DAEMON_JSON" ]; then
            log "配置文件已存在，我们将备份现有配置文件为 ${BACKUP_FILE} 并创建新的配置文件。"
            cp "$DAEMON_JSON" "$BACKUP_FILE"
            create_daemon_json
        else
            create_daemon_json
        fi

        log "正在重启 Docker 服务..."
        systemctl daemon-reload
        systemctl restart docker
        log "Docker 服务已成功重启。"
    else
        log "未配置镜像加速。"
    fi
}

function Install_Docker(){
    if which docker >/dev/null 2>&1; then
        log "检测到 Docker 已安装，跳过安装步骤"
        configure_accelerator
    else
        log "... 在线安装 docker"

        if [[ $(curl -s ipinfo.io/country) == "CN" ]]; then
            sources=(
                "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce"
                "https://mirrors.tencent.com/docker-ce"
                "https://mirrors.163.com/docker-ce"
                "https://mirrors.cernet.edu.cn/docker-ce"
            )

            docker_install_scripts=(
                "https://get.docker.com"
                "https://testingcf.jsdelivr.net/gh/docker/docker-install@master/install.sh"
                "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/docker/docker-install@master/install.sh"
                "https://fastly.jsdelivr.net/gh/docker/docker-install@master/install.sh"
                "https://gcore.jsdelivr.net/gh/docker/docker-install@master/install.sh"
                "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/docker/docker-install/master/install.sh"
            )

            get_average_delay() {
                local source=$1
                local total_delay=0
                local iterations=2
                local timeout=2
    
                for ((i = 0; i < iterations; i++)); do
                    delay=$(curl -o /dev/null -s -m $timeout -w "%{time_total}\n" "$source")
                    if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
                        delay=$timeout
                    fi
                    total_delay=$(awk "BEGIN {print $total_delay + $delay}")
                done
    
                average_delay=$(awk "BEGIN {print $total_delay / $iterations}")
                echo "$average_delay"
            }
    
            min_delay=99999999
            selected_source=""
    
            for source in "${sources[@]}"; do
                average_delay=$(get_average_delay "$source" &)
    
                if (( $(awk 'BEGIN { print '"$average_delay"' < '"$min_delay"' }') )); then
                    min_delay=$average_delay
                    selected_source=$source
                fi
            done
            wait

            if [ -n "$selected_source" ]; then
                log "选择延迟最低的源 $selected_source，延迟为 $min_delay 秒"
                export DOWNLOAD_URL="$selected_source"
                
                for alt_source in "${docker_install_scripts[@]}"; do
                    log "尝试从备选链接 $alt_source 下载 Docker 安装脚本..."
                    if curl -fsSL --retry 2 --retry-delay 3 --connect-timeout 5 --max-time 10 "$alt_source" -o get-docker.sh; then
                        log "成功从 $alt_source 下载安装脚本"
                        break
                    else
                        log "从 $alt_source 下载安装脚本失败，尝试下一个备选链接"
                    fi
                done
                
                if [ ! -f "get-docker.sh" ]; then
                    log "所有下载尝试都失败了。您可以尝试手动安装 Docker，运行以下命令："
                    log "bash <(curl -sSL https://linuxmirrors.cn/docker.sh)"
                    exit 1
                fi

                sh get-docker.sh 2>&1 | tee -a ${CURRENT_DIR}/install.log

                docker_config_folder="/etc/docker"
                if [[ ! -d "$docker_config_folder" ]];then
                    mkdir -p "$docker_config_folder"
                fi
                
                docker version >/dev/null 2>&1
                if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then
                    log "docker 安装失败\n您可以尝试使用离线包进行安装，具体安装步骤请参考以下链接：https://1panel.cn/docs/installation/package_installation/"
                    exit 1
                else
                    log "docker 安装成功"
                    systemctl enable docker 2>&1 | tee -a "${CURRENT_DIR}"/install.log
                    configure_accelerator
                fi
            else
                log "无法选择源进行安装"
                exit 1
            fi
        else
            log "非中国大陆地区，无需更改源"
            export DOWNLOAD_URL="https://download.docker.com"
            curl -fsSL "https://get.docker.com" -o get-docker.sh
            sh get-docker.sh 2>&1 | tee -a "${CURRENT_DIR}"/install.log

            log "... 启动 docker"
            systemctl enable docker; systemctl daemon-reload; systemctl start docker 2>&1 | tee -a "${CURRENT_DIR}"/install.log

            docker_config_folder="/etc/docker"
            if [[ ! -d "$docker_config_folder" ]];then
                mkdir -p "$docker_config_folder"
            fi

            docker version >/dev/null 2>&1
            if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then
                log "docker 安装失败\n您可以尝试使用安装包进行安装，具体安装步骤请参考以下链接：https://1panel.cn/docs/installation/package_installation/"
                exit 1
            else
                log "docker 安装成功"
            fi
        fi
    fi
}

function Install_Compose(){
    docker-compose version >/dev/null 2>&1
    if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then
        log "... 在线安装 docker-compose"
        
        arch=$(uname -m)
		if [ "$arch" == 'armv7l' ]; then
			arch='armv7'
		fi
		curl -L https://resource.fit2cloud.com/docker/compose/releases/download/v2.26.1/docker-compose-$(uname -s | tr A-Z a-z)-"$arch" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose 2>&1 | tee -a "${CURRENT_DIR}"/install.log
        if [[ ! -f /usr/local/bin/docker-compose ]];then
            log "docker-compose 下载失败，请稍候重试"
            exit 1
        fi
        chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
        ln -s /usr/local/bin/docker-compose /usr/bin/docker-compose

        docker-compose version >/dev/null 2>&1
        if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then
            log "docker-compose 安装失败"
            exit 1
        else
            log "docker-compose 安装成功"
        fi
    else
        compose_v=$(docker-compose -v)
        if [[ $compose_v =~ 'docker-compose' ]];then
            read -p "检测到已安装 Docker Compose 版本较低（需大于等于 v2.0.0 版本），是否升级 [y/n] : " UPGRADE_DOCKER_COMPOSE
            if [[ "$UPGRADE_DOCKER_COMPOSE" == "Y" ]] || [[ "$UPGRADE_DOCKER_COMPOSE" == "y" ]]; then
                rm -rf /usr/local/bin/docker-compose /usr/bin/docker-compose
                Install_Compose
            else
                log "Docker Compose 版本为 $compose_v，可能会影响应用商店的正常使用"
            fi
        else
            log "检测到 Docker Compose 已安装，跳过安装步骤"
        fi
    fi
}







function Get_Ip(){
    active_interface=$(ip route get 8.8.8.8 | awk 'NR==1 {print $5}')
    if [[ -z $active_interface ]]; then
        LOCAL_IP="127.0.0.1"
    else
        LOCAL_IP=$(ip -4 addr show dev "$active_interface" | grep -oP '(?<=inet\s)\d+(\.\d+){3}')
    fi

    PUBLIC_IP=$(curl -s https://api64.ipify.org)
    if [[ -z "$PUBLIC_IP" ]]; then
        PUBLIC_IP="N/A"
    fi
    if echo "$PUBLIC_IP" | grep -q ":"; then
        PUBLIC_IP=[${PUBLIC_IP}]
        1pctl listen-ip ipv6
    fi
}



function main(){
    Check_Root
    Install_Docker
    Install_Compose
}
main

当然，你也可以用下面这个在线脚本进行安装。

curl -sSL https://file.ewbang.com/docker/debian/install_docker.sh -o install_docker.sh && bash install_docker.sh

二、卸载Docker

#!/bin/bash

# 停止 Docker 服务
echo "Stopping Docker service..."
sudo systemctl stop docker

# 卸载 Docker 相关软件包
echo "Removing Docker packages..."
sudo apt-get purge -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

# 删除 Docker 数据
echo "Deleting Docker data..."
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/docker
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/containerd

# 删除 Docker 配置文件
echo "Deleting Docker configuration..."
sudo rm -rf /etc/docker

# 自动清理不需要的软件包
echo "Cleaning up..."
sudo apt-get autoremove -y
sudo apt-get update

echo "Docker uninstalled successfully."

同样，下面也提供在线脚本。

curl -sSL https://file.ewbang.com/docker/debian/uninstall_docker.sh -o uninstall_docker.sh && bash uninstall_docker.sh

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